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The cognitive and neural correlates of psychopathy and especially callous–unemotional traits in youths: A systematic review of the evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2013

Pierre C. M. Herpers ,
Floor E. Scheepers ,
Daniëlle M. A. Bons ,
Jan K. Buitelaar  and
Nanda N. J. Rommelse
Pierre C. M. Herpers*
Affiliation:
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
Floor E. Scheepers
Affiliation:
University Medical Centre Utrecht
Daniëlle M. A. Bons
Affiliation:
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
Jan K. Buitelaar
Affiliation:
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
Nanda N. J. Rommelse
Affiliation:
Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Pierre C. M. Herpers, Karakter University Centre Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Reinier Postlaan 12 Nijmegen, The Netherlands; E-mail: p.herpers@karakter.com.
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Abstract

It is unclear whether the concepts and findings of the underlying neurobiology of adult psychopathy apply to youths as well. If so, a life span approach to treatment should be taken. Because youths’ brains are still developing, interventions at an early age may be far more effective in the long run. The aim of this systematic review is to examine whether the neurocognitive and neurobiological factors that underlie juvenile psychopathy, and specifically callous–unemotional (CU) traits, are similar to those underlying adult psychopathy. The results show that youths with CU traits show lower levels of prosocial reasoning, lower emotional responsivity, and decreased harm avoidance. Brain imaging studies in youths with CU traits are still rare. Available studies suggest specific neural correlates, such as a reduced response of the amygdala and a weaker functional connectivity between the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings are largely in line with existing theories of adult psychopathy, such as the dual-hormone serotonergic hypothesis and the integrated emotions systems theory. We recommend that future studies investigate the role of oxytocin, invest in the study of neural mechanisms, and study the precursors, risk factors, and correlates of CU traits in early infancy and in longitudinal designs.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 245 - 273
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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